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Registros recuperados: 33
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Addressing the wicked problem of water resource management: An ecosystem services approach AgEcon
Hearnshaw, Edward J.S.; Tompkins, Jean-Marie; Cullen, Ross.
This paper develops a systematic assessment of the sustainability of ecosystem services provided by rivers impacted by water storage projects. Given the conflicting preferences amongst stakeholders and the incomplete, uncertain and contradictory understanding about river ecology it is recognized that managing water resources sustainably is a wicked problem. In order to address this wicked problem, the methods of multi-criteria analysis and graph analysis are applied, in accordance with integrated water resource management, to assess the potential of investing in water storage projects and explore for sustainable solutions through the construction of an ecosystem services index.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services; Ecosystem services index; Graph analysis; Integrated water resource management; Multi-criteria analysis; Sustainability; Wicked problems; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q27; Q51; Q58; Q57.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100556
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Alternative to Comprehensive Ecosystem Services Markets: The Contribution of Forest-Related Programs in New Zealand AgEcon
Bhatta, Arun; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
Due to the public goods characteristics of many ecosystem services and their vital importance to human welfare, various mechanisms have been put in place to motivate private landowners in the provision of ecosystem services. A common approach is to try to develop a comprehensive ecosystem services market where landowners can receive payments from beneficiaries of ecosystem services. Much research has been directed at developing methods for valuing the range of ecosystem services so that they can be incorporated into ecosystem services markets. However, valuation methods are difficult, expensive and time consuming. Other approaches to the provision of ecosystem services such as payments for ecosystem services usually focus on a single service like water or...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services market; Spill-over effect; Cost-effectiveness; New Zealand; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115350
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An Emergent Economics of Ecosystem Management AgEcon
Hearnshaw, Edward J.S.; Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D..
Economics is an evolving and emerging field of study, so is the management of ecosystems. As such, this paper delineates the co-evolution of economic evaluation that reflects the various recognized ecosystem management approaches of anticipative, adaptive and capacitive ecosystem management. Each management approach is critiqued and from this theoretical analysis an emergent approach for the management of ecosystem is put forward, which accordingly suggests an alternative methodological approach for economic evaluations.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Complexity; Creativity; Economic evaluation; Ecosystem management; Evolution; Open systems; Rationality; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31957
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Determinants of Forestry Investment and Extent of Forestry Expansion by Smallholders in New Zealand AgEcon
Dhakal, Bhubaneswor; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
While there has been a large increase in investment in plantation forestry in New Zealand by smallholders during the past decade, there are still many smallholders who have chosen not to become involved in this land use or who are using only a portion of their potentially planted land for forestry. To understand why this is the case, this paper studies two issues, the differences between those who have and have not established plantation forests, and the factors that explain the proportion of land used in forestry by small landholders who have identified that they have potentially plantable land. Land used for forest plantations is treated as a two-step decision process, where first a landowner must decide whether they would consider planting trees at...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Forestry investment; Land use change; Non-industrial forests; Double hurdle model; Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q23.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50016
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Ecosystem Services on New Zealand Arable Farms AgEcon
Cullen, Ross; Takatsuka, Yuki; Wilson, Matthew; Wratten, Steve D..
Researchers have estimated the total economic value of global ecosystem goods and services showing that a significant portion of humanity's economic well being is unaccounted for in conventional GNP accounting (Constanza et al., 1997). To demonstrate this point, authors have conventionally used highly aggregated landscape units for analysis (e.g., biomes), and average, not marginal values, of each ecosystem good or service are estimated for each unit using value transfer methodologies (Wilson et al., 2004). For example, Patterson and Cole (1999a, b) replicated the Constanza et al., (1997) approach by estimating economic values for Waikato and New Zealand ecosystem goods and services associated with standard land cover classes including horticulture,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Ecosystem management; Arable farming; Engineered ecosystem; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97777
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Ecosystem services review of water projects AgEcon
Hearnshaw, Edward J.S.; Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D..
Water projects are typically evaluated using benefit cost analysis. Ecosystem services are the direct and indirect benefits that people obtain from ecosystems. Many of these benefits are ignored in benefit cost analysis, because of the absence of markets and the limited information or understanding of how the benefits from ecosystem services are produced. Regional or local government may be interested in learning how the value of ecosystem services associated with projects may change if a project occurs. Ecosystem Service Reviews aim to make ecosystem services explicit and quantifiable so that they can be accounted for in the evaluation of water use projects. Water storage projects can enable land use intensification to occur, and confer environmental...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Ecosystem services review;  water projects ; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58895
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Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of Yellow-Eyed Penguin conservation measures AgEcon
Busch, Jonah; Cullen, Ross.
Although an estimated US$6 billion is invested annually in our planet’s biological diversity, little research has been conducted on which conservation treatments work best or provide best value for money. Conserving biodiversity efficiently depends on identifying conservation treatments which provide greatest return on investment. Where controlled experiments are not possible, panel econometric techniques can be used to determine the effectiveness of conservation treatments. A long-running Yellow-Eyed Penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) nest count in New Zealand presents a golden opportunity to compare the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of three commonly used conservation treatments—trapping of introduced predators, revegetation, and intensive management....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6012
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Evaluating the sustainability of impounded river systems and the cost-effectiveness of dam projects: An ecosystem services approach AgEcon
Tompkins, Jean-Marie; Hearnshaw, Edward J.S.; Cullen, Ross.
In recent times, there has been increasing demand in the Canterbury region of New Zealand for the abstraction of water from rivers. The impact of this demand has lead to unacceptable minimum river flows and has adversely affected river ecology. In an effort to resolve these issues dams have been constructed. To evaluate the impact of these dam projects on all river values, an ecosystem services approach is developed. This ecosystem services approach coupled with various evaluation methods are applied for the purposes of assessing the cost-effectiveness of the Opuha Dam and the sustainability of the Opihi river system now modified by the Opuha Dam. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of this dam project cost utility analysis is applied through the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Cost utility analysis; Dam projects; Ecosystem services; Impounded river systems; Indicators and sustainability.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q25; Q27; Q51; Q58; Q57.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100720
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Evaluation of Conservation Biological Control Innovation in Winegrowing AgEcon
Cullen, Ross; Forbes, Sharon; Grout, Rachel; Smallman, Clive.
Conservation biological control (CBC) aims to improve conditions for natural enemies in agricultural landscapes and has the goal of reducing pest species below threshold level to thus avoid the need for synthetic chemicals. The CBC approach has been introduced in several counties, including New Zealand. Agricultural R&D is widely studied, however agricultural innovations and their adoption is less studied. A CBC practice introduced in Waipara vineyards is described in this paper and an evaluation of the uptake and economic sustainability of this innovation is provided. Results indicate that there are ongoing costs involved with maintaining the innovation and that adoption of the innovation is highly variable across winegrowing properties.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Innovation; Winegrowing; Conservation Biological Control; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97986
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Factors influencing adoption of agroforestry among smallholder farmers in Zambia AgEcon
Kabwe, Gillian; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
Agroforestry technologies have been extensively researched and introduced to smallholder farmers in Zambia for over two decades. Despite the research and extension effort over this period, not many farmers have adopted these technologies. The purpose of this paper is to determine why agroforestry technologies are not being taken up by examining factors that influence the adoption of agroforestry practices. Based on data obtained from 388 farming households, statistical analysis show an association between adoption of both improved fallows and biomass transfer technologies with knowledge of the technology, availability of seed, and having the appropriate skills. In addition some household characteristics are found to be linked to the incidence of adoption....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agroforestry adoption; Smallholder farmers; Limitations to adoption; Chi-square tests of independence analysis; Zambia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97135
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Financing threatened species management: the costs of single species programmes and the budget constraint AgEcon
Moran, Emma; Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D..
In New Zealand total annual funding allows 15 percent of the 2,400 threatened species to be targeted for management. Although management costs are crucial to a conservation organisation's ability to achieve its goals, estimates of costs are not usually included in applications for funding or the preparation of recovery plans. Cost is also not generally a factor in priority ranking systems and cost-effectiveness analysis is rarely conducted. Using the results of analysis of 11 single species programmes for 2003-2012, this paper investigates the costs of management. It also considers the impact of the budget constraint on outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and investment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Threatened species; Management; Cost; Budget constraint; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98498
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Forestry policy and poverty: the case of community forestry in Nepal AgEcon
Dhakal, Bhubaneswor; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
Common forests in developing countries are valuable sources of raw material supplies, employment and income generation, particularly for low income households. This paper looks at the effect on income and employment when common forest resources have external policies that constrain their use. Using a mixed-integer linear programming model, this study examines the impacts of conservation-oriented community forest policies in Nepal on three household income groups. The results show that current community forest policies, which focus on environmental outcomes through forest use restriction for environment conservation and timber production, result in a large reduction in employment and income of the poorest households and largely explain the recent increase...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Forestry policy; Poverty; Nepal; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98500
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Investments in Environmental Research, Science and Technology: Their Impacts on Irrigation and Mussel Farming AgEcon
Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D.; Meyer-Hubbert, Gerit; Bicknell, Kathryn; Meister, Anton D.; Smallman, Clive; Su-Wuen, Ong.
MoRST is evaluating the Environmental Research output class of the Public Good Science Fund to identify inter alia the impacts of Environmental RS&T spending. Three specific questions are: How effective has the funding on Environmental RS&T been? Is Environmental RS&T having a positive effect by delivering real benefits to New Zealand, particularly to the environment? What influences the link between research and tangible positive benefits? This paper reports how case studies applied to irrigated agriculture and mussel farming were used to provide partial answers to these three questions. The case studies proceed by noting the possible benefits that Environmental RS&T may have created, and then tracing the link back to specific research...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Environmental RS&T; Benefits; Irrigation; Agriculture; Mussel farming; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97783
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New Zealand freshwater management and agricultural impacts AgEcon
Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D.; Kerr, Geoffrey N..
In New Zealand, it is increasingly recognised, including by government, that water resource allocation and water quality are issues of national importance. Agriculture is frequently portrayed by public media as a major user of water and a major contributor to worsening water quality. We outline the water management systems in New Zealand, and the use of water by agriculture. Official reports on agriculture’s impact on New Zealand water availability and quality are summarised. We report how the New Zealand public perceive water, its management, and the roles of agriculture in water issues. Data from a nationwide mail survey were analysed to determine how New Zealanders assess the state of New Zealand lakes, rivers and streams, and aquifers, the performance...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Environmental economics; Perceptions survey; Water allocation; Water quality; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116965
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Potential economic impacts of providing for Aquaculture Management Areas in Canterbury AgEcon
Meyer-Hubbert, Gerit; Cullen, Ross.
This research estimates the commercial costs and benefits associated with selected aquaculture projects in the Canterbury region. Mussel farming employment will most likely be generated in coastal communities that at present have few employment opportunities. These communities are likely to profit as well from increased infrastructure needs for the marine farming enterprise. Any development in the marine farming industry will take many years to reach full potential. This means that the costs and benefits from increased marine farming activities will be staggered over a number of years. It is acknowledged that the gains might be achieved at different locations than the losses occur. The effects on other stakeholders are often uncertain.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Mussel farming; Economic impact; Scenarios; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97787
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Potential of Forest Resources to Alleviate Poverty and Unemployment in Rural Nepal AgEcon
Dhakal, Bhubaneswor; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
The study examines the importance of community forest resources for income and employment in rural areas of Nepal by studying the effect of current forestry policy on forestland use. Using data from 259 households in six community forest user groups in three hilly districts (Dolakha, Kavre and Nuwakot), the results show that the resources available from private lands and community forests with current policies are inadequate to fully utilize the family labour force of many rural households and are insufficient to meet the bare survival income of the poorest households. Current government policy dictates the use of all community forestland for limited timber production and environmental conservation, and provides little scope for fodder and firewood...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Community welfare model; Livelihood; Community forestry; Incomes; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31962
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Poverty Alleviation or Aggravation? The Impacts of Community Forestry Policies in Nepal AgEcon
Dhakal, Bhubaneswor; Bigsby, Hugh R.; Cullen, Ross.
This research studies the effects on income and employment when externally imposed policies constrain use of common forest resources. Using a mixed-integer linear programming model, the study examines the impacts of conservation-oriented community forest policies in Nepal on three household income groups. The results show that current community forest policies, which direct forest use towards environment conservation and timber production, cause large reductions in employment and income of the poorest households and largely explain the recent increase in rural poverty.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Community forestry; Policy; Poverty; Nepal; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25576
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Preliminary Investigation Into The Benefits From Investments In Environmental Research: Case Studies on Water Clarity/Quality and The Biological Management of Possums AgEcon
Cullen, Ross; Hughey, Kenneth F.D.; Meyer-Hubbert, Gerit; Bicknell, Kathryn; Meister, Anton D.; Smallman, Clive; Su-Wuen, Ong.
MoRST is performing an evaluation of the funds invested in environmental research. The two case studies discussed in this paper contribute to the ongoing decision-making about this investment. Substantial funds have been invested in both research programmes identified. Because the main benefits associated with research output are environmental, they are difficult to value monetarily. Preliminary analysis suggests that at a discount rate of 6%, annual future benefit flows of $7 - $10 million will justify the water quality/clarity research. The expenditure on possum biocontrol will be justified if the research generates an annual future benefit flow of $20 million.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Cost benefit analysis; Returns to research; Environmental research; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97788
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Priorities for, and preferred approaches to, management of New Zealand fresh waters AgEcon
Hughey, Kenneth F.D.; Kerr, Geoffrey N.; Cullen, Ross; Shen, Fujun.
Since 2000 six standardised biennial public surveys of the state of the New Zealand environment have been undertaken. A fresh water case study was included in the 2010 postal survey and in an electronic survey. Desirable futures for New Zealand's fresh water resources, sources of damage to freshwater, preferred management approaches, and views about charges for commercial uses of water are reported. Respondents desire high quality water, are not prepared to trade that off for damaging economic gains, and support charges for commercial uses of water. We report public preferences for tools to manage water use.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Public perceptions; Fresh water; New Zealand; Economic instruments; Management; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96943
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Public perceptions – issues in where we want rural New Zealand to head in the 21st Century AgEcon
Hughey, Kenneth F.D.; Cullen, Ross; Kerr, Geoffrey N..
The ongoing biennial environmental perceptions survey has been used to consider issues when setting future directions for rural New Zealand in the 21st Century. The overall state of the environment is very good, although freshwater rates the lowest of all resources considered. At a more local level there is considerable concern about lowland streams, rivers and lakes. Farming is increasingly blamed for damaging freshwater and a range of other resources. There are important demographic differences. Those employed in resource based industries are much more positive about specific water resources than are others – anglers are more pessimistic. New Zealanders want an improved future for the rural environment and are willing to contribute. Achieving...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Perception surveys; Rural futures; Issues; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96447
Registros recuperados: 33
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